Back to St Mary's

W. Bradford DeLong, MD, FACS
Diplomate, American Board of Neurological Surgery
Specializing in Disorders of the Spine
The Orofino Spine Center
1275 Ahsahka Road
Orofino, Idaho 88544
(208) 476-7091
FAX (208) 476-0711

The Gritman Medical Center
Moscow Professional Center
619 South Washington Street, Suite 101
Moscow, Idaho 88848
(208) 888-2225
FAX (208) 476-0 711

The Saint Mary's Spine Center
One Shrader Street, Fourth Floor
San Francisco, California 94117
(415) 221-8195

Board Certified, November 3,1969

American Board of Neurological Surgery

Citizenship United States of America

EDUCATION

1964-67 Premedical, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY

1957-61 Doctor of Medicine, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO

1961-62 Surgical Internship, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA

1962-63 Assistant Surgical Resident, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA

1963-66 Neurosurgical Residency, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI

HONORS AND OFFICES

1957 Phi Beta Kappa
1960 Alpha Omega Alpha
1961 Sigma Xi
1971 Fellow of the American College of Surgeons
1976-82 Board of Directors, California Association of Neurological Surgeons.
1976-86 Member, AANS and CNS Joint Committee on Materials and Devices
1977-78 CNS Chairman of AANS and CNS Joint Committee on Devices and Drugs
1979-81 Member, Neurological Devices Section, FDA Advisory Panel on Respiratory and Nervous System Devices
1982-83 Chairman, Neurological Devices Section, FDA Advisory Panel on Respiratory and Nervous System Devices
1983-88 Consultant, Neurological Devices Section, FDA Advisory Panel on Respiratory and Nervous System Devices
1984-85 Board of Directors, North American Spine Society
1994-Present Editorial Review Panel, Spine Journal

SOCIETIES

1967-94 Congress of Neurological Surgeons 1969-94 San Francisco Medical Society 1970-80 American Medical Association
1970-Present California Medical Association
1971-Present American Association of Neurological Surgeons
1971-Present American College of Surgeons
1971-94 San Francisco Neurological Society 1973-79 American Society for Testing and Materials
1973-Present California Association of Neurological Surgeons
1975-94 Western Neurosurgical Society
1975-89 Section on Cerebrovascular Surgery, American Association of Neurological Surgeons (Charter Member)
1976-89 Stroke Council, American Heart Association 1980-86 San Francisco Academy of Medical Hypnosis
1984-Present North American Spine Society - Founding Member
1987-Present American Association of Orthopaedic Medicine
1990-Present Professional Associate, California Chiropractic Association
1994-Present Idaho Medical Association
1996-Present Associate Member, Society of Automotive Engineers

PRACTICE AFFILIATIONS

1966-68 Neurosurgeon for the United States Air Force

1968-69 Associate of Richard E. Newquist, MD, 1125 East 17th Street, Santa Ana, CA

1969-75 Partner of Glen 0. Cross, MD, and Patrick E. Taylor, MD, 4141 Geary Blvd, San Francisco, CA 94118

1975-77 Private Solo Neurosurgical Practice, Eisenhower Medical Center, Probst Professional Bldg, Palm Desert, CA 92260

1977-82 Corporate Partner of Patrick E. Taylor, MD, A Professional Corporation, 909 Hyde St, Suite 303, San Francisco, CA 94109

1982-84 Private Corporate Neurosurgical Practice, 909 Hyde St, Suite 303, San Francisco, CA 94109

1984-87 Medical Director of Comprehensive Spinal Care(tm), A Medical Group, Inc, A Division of W. Bradford DeLong, MD, A Professional Corporation, Opera Plaza, 601 Van Ness Avenue, Suite 2004, San Francisco, CA 94102

1987-89 Private Solo Neurosurgical Practice Specializing in Spinal Surgery, 350 Parnassus Avenue, Suite 207, San Francisco, CA 94117

1989-94 Private Solo Neurosurgical. Practice Specializing in Spinal Surgery, 2000 Van Ness Avenue, Suite 502, San Francisco, CA 94109

1994-Present Private Solo Neurosurgical Practice Specializing in Spinal Surgery, The Saint Mary's Spine Center, One Shrader Street, Fourth Floor, San Francisco, CA 94117 1

1994-Present Private Solo Neurosurgical Practice Specializing in Spinal Surgery, The Orofino Spine Center, 1275 Ahsahka Road, Orofino, Idaho 83544

1997-Present Private Solo Neurosurgical. Practice Specializing in Spinal Surgery, Gritman Medical Center, Moscow Professional Center, 619 S. Washington Street, Suite 101, Moscow, Idaho 83843

HOSPITAL AFFILIATIONS

1970-Present Instructor and Assistant Clinical Professor of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA

1969-Present Active and Courtesy Staff, Neurosurgery, Saint Francis Memorial Hospital, San Francisco, CA

1969-94 Associate Staff, Neurosurgery, Presbyterian Hospital, Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA

1977-Present Active and Courtesy Staff, Saint Mary's Hospital and Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 1977-94 Courtesy Staff, Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA

1988-Present Courtesy Staff, Seton Medical Center, Daly City, CA

1994-Present Active Staff, Clearwater Valley Hospital, Orofino, ID

1997-Present Courtesy Staff, Gritman Medical Center, Moscow, ID

RESEARCH SUPPORT

1958-59 Washington University Medical School, Saint Louis, MO, Student Fellowships, Clinical Statistical Studies of Psychiatric Disease.

1971-72 St. Josephs Hospital Research Foundation, San Francisco, CA Grant for the development of microvascular suturing techniques.

1972-75 Edward Week, Inc. Grant for the study of the metallurgical properties of aneurysm and microvascular clips.

1974-75 Ethicon, Inc. Grant for the production of a twenty minute, 16 mm sound movie on Basic Microsuturing Techniques.

1990 Sansum Clinic, Department of Orthopaedic Medicine. Clinical investigator in randomized, double blind, controlled, prospective study of dextrose-glycerine-phenol injections for chronic low back pain. Associates: RG Klein, MD; BCJ Eek, MD; V Mooney, MD.

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE, PRESENTATIONS, COURSES ATTENDED

1964-Present Microneurosurgical techniques applied to the practice of neurosurgery, dating from neurosurgical residency.

1983-85 Computer Programming, AlphaMicro's compiled AlphaBasic Language. Approximately 60 hours formal instruction and 800 hours programming experience.

1985-87 Computer Programming, dBASE II and dBASE III Plus.

1970 Microsurgery Symposium, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, Drs. Leonard Malis and M. Gazi Yasargil, one week, lectures and laboratory.

1972 Presentation to Congress of Neurological Surgeons Post-convention Meeting, Colorado Springs, CO, October 1972, slides and movies: "Microvascular Surgery in the Dog: Carotid-Basilar Bypass" and "Pitfalls of Intracranial Microsurgical Cerebral Revascularization."

1973 June, one month at the Foch Hospital, Paris, France, studying Transsphenoidal Pituitary Surgery with Drs. Gerard Guiot and Patrick Derome, and studying Craniofacial Reconstruction with Drs. Paul Tessier and Jacques Rougerie.

1974 May, one month studying microneurosurgical techniques with Dr. M. Gazi Yasargil at the Kantonsspital, Zurich, Switzerland.

1974 Presentation to Congress of Neurological Surgeons Post-convention Meeting, Victoria, British Columbia, Sept 1974: "The Treatment of Vasospasm Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage."

1974 Presentation to the San Francisco Neurological Society. October 1974: "Early Microsurgical Obliteration of Ruptured Intracranial. Aneurysms: Comparison of Microsurgical Results with Alvord's Tables."

1975 Presentation to the San Francisco Neurological Society, March 1975, movie: "The Inner Limits - Basic Microsuturing Techniques," 20 minutes, sound, 16 mm.

1975 Presentation to the Annual Meeting of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons, Miami Beach, Florida, April 1975, movie: "The Inner Limits - Basic Microsuturing Techniques," 20 minutes, sound, 16 mm.

1975 Presentation to the Microneurosurgery Symposium, Cincinnati, Ohio, May 1975, movie: "The Inner Limits - Basic Microsuturing Techniques," and laboratory demonstration of microsuturing techniques.

1975 Presentation to the Western Neurosurgical Society, Mauna Kea Beach Hotel, Hawaii, Sept 1975: "Microsurgical Obliteration of Intracranial Aneurysms: Comparison of Results with Alvord's Tables."

1976 Presentations to World Microsurgery Congress 1, Fairmont Hotel, San Francisco, May 1976: "Microsurgical Instrumentation in the Community Hospital"; movie: "The Inner Limits - Basic Microsuturing Techniques"; and "Audiovisual Techniques in Neurosurgery: Making Slides and Movies."

1976 Presentation to the Western Neurosurgical Society, Reno, Nevada, Sept 1976: "Pitfalls of Carotid Endarterectomy."

1976 Presentations to Eisenhower Medical Center Invitational Seminar on Stroke, Canyon Hotel, Palm Springs, CA, Nov 1976: "An Outline of the Surgical Management of Stroke" and "Extracranial Vascular Procedures - Neurosurgical Aspects."

1977 Presentation at University of Southern California, Los Angeles County Medical Center Neurosurgical Grand Rounds, March 22, 1977: "Neurosurgical Aspects of Cerebrovascular Occlusive Disease."

1977 Presentation to the Desert Hospital Community Health Education Program on "Stroke - Prevention, Treatment, Rehabilitation," March 25, 1977: "Surgical Treatment of the Stroke Patient."

1977 Taught Microsurgical Techniques in Dr. Theodore Kurze's microsurgical laboratory at Huntington Memorial Hospital, Pasadena, CA, July 1977.

1977 Invited Speaker to the Congress of Neurological Surgeons Workshop on Cerebral Revascularization, Hilton Hotel, San Francisco, CA, Oct 11, 1977: "Technique of Carotid Endarterectomy."

1977 Presentation to the American College of Surgeons Neurosurgical Section, Dallas Convention Center, TX, Oct 17, 1977, movie: "The Inner Limits - Basic Microsuturing Techniques"; introduction of the film into the ACS Motion Picture Library.

1978 Invited Speaker to the Federation of Western Societies of Neurological Science, Fifteenth Annual Meeting, Fairmont Hotel, San Francisco, CA, Feb 26, 1978: "Carotid Endarterectomy - Update in the Indications for Intraoperative Shunting."

1978 Invited Speaker, Pan-Pacific Surgical Association Fourteenth Congress, Hilton Haw Village Hotel; April 4, 1978, Panel Participant, Microvascular Surgery, presentation: "Instrumentation and Training-, April 7, 1978, Panel Moderator, Neuroradiology, presentations: "Angiography for Carotid Occlusive Disease" and "CT Scanning and Lumbar Epidural Venography for Lumbosacral Degenerative Disease"; April 7, 1978, presentation, "Principles of Cerebral Revascularization - Carotid Endarterectomy."

1978 Presentation to Medical Grand Rounds, St. Mary's Hospital, San Francisco, CA, May 2, 1978: "Neurosurgery Update -Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus, Cranial Nerve Vascular Cross Compression Syndromes, Brain Tumors, Microsurgical Repair of Peripheral Nerve Injury, Transsphenoidal Pituitary Surgery, Cerebrovascular Surgery."

1978 Invited guest lecturer, Doctors, Hospital Grand Rounds, Modesto, CA, July 14, 1978: "Pitfalls of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage."

1978 Visiting Professor in Microneurosurgery, Section of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, July 20-21, 1978. Lecture July 20, 1978: "Microneurosurgical Training and Application of Techniques." Laboratory training of neurosurgical. residents in microsuturing July 20-21, 1978.

1978 Invited Guest Lecturer, Doctors' Hospital Grand Rounds, Modesto, CA, Sept 6, 1978: "The Integrated Therapeutic Approach to Low Back Pain." 1978 Saint Francis Memorial Hospital Grand Rounds, San Francisco, Nov 14, 1978: "Neurosurgery at St. Francis Memorial Hospital."

1979 OB-GYN Grand Rounds, Children's Hospital, San Francisco, Jan 9, 1979: "Microsurgical Treatment of Hypersecreting Pituitary Tumors."

1979 Invited Guest Lecturer, Doctors' Hospital Grand Pounds, Modesto, CA, Feb 28, 1979: "Cranial Neurovascular Cross-compression Syndromes."

1979 Presentations at the Annual Meeting of the San Francisco Neurological Society, Ahwahnee Hotel, Yosemite National Park, CA, April 28, 1979: "Microneurosurgical Treatment of Infraclinoid Aneurysms," and April 29, 1979: "Surgical Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease - Carotid Endarterectomy."

1979 Invited Speaker, Industrial Claims Association Lumbar Spine Workshop, St. Francis Memorial Hospital, San Francisco, CA, Sept 28, 1979: "Surgical Treatment - A Discussion Of the Indications for and the Techniques of Laminectomy."

1979 Invited Speaker, Pain Control Seminar, Peralta Hospital, Oakland, CA, Nov 10, 1979: "Neurosurgical Aspects of Pain Control."

1980 Invited Speaker, Pan-Pacific Surgical Association Fifteenth Congress, Sheraton-Waikiki Hotel, Hawaii, Jan 15, 1980: "Knodt-rod Distraction Fusion for Lumbar Disc Disease and Stenosis."

1980 Participant, Annual Workshop on Medical Hypnosis, San Francisco Academy of Hypnosis, Children's Hospital, San Francisco, March 1-2, 1980, and March 15-16, 1980.

1980 Presentation, Industrial Indemnity Insurance Company Claims Personnel, San Francisco, CA, April 1, 1980: "Current Concepts in the Treatment of Low Back Pain."

1980 Invited speaker, Tenth Annual UCSF Neurosurgery Postgraduate Course, Hilton Hotel, San Francisco, June 5, 1980: "Distraction-Fusion for Lumbar Disc Disease and Stenosis."

1980 Invited speaker, 50th Annual Physicians' Postgraduate Symposium on Cardiovascular Diseases, American Heart Association, San Francisco Hotel, San Francisco, Sept 25, 1980: "Workshop on Surgical Treatment of Cerebrovascular Insufficiency."

1981 Moderator and Speaker, Seminar on Comprehensive Conservative Approach to Low Back Care, St. Francis Memorial Hospital, San Francisco, CA, Feb 7-8, 1981, presentations: "Why We Have Failed Back Surgery Patients," and "Results of Gravity Lumbar Reduction at Saint Francis Memorial Hospital."

1981 Invited Speaker, Industrial Claims Association Lumbar Spine Workshop, St. Francis Memorial Hospital, San Francisco, CA, March 23, 1981: "Surgical Considerations in the Treatment of Back Pain."

1981 Participant, Nazareth Hospital and Temple University School of Medicine Workshop on Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion, Philadelphia, PA, April 4-5, 1981, Paul M. Lin, MD, Director.

1981 Participant, Courses on Mechanical Therapy of the Lumbar Spine by Robin McKenzie, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Oakland, CA, May 16-17, 1981 and Peninsula Hospital, Burlingame, CA, June 6-9, 1981.

1981 Presentation to the State Compensation Insurance Fund Back Class, San Francisco, CA, Aug 19,1981: "Current Concepts in the Treatment of Low Back Pain."

1981 Panel Participant, Neurological Surgery Motion Picture Session, American College of Surgeons, 1981 Clinical Congress, Hotel St. Francis, San Francisco, CA, Oct 14, 1981, Robert W. Rand, MD, Coordinator.

1981 Seminar Moderator, Annual Meeting of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Los Angeles, CA, Oct 19, 1981: "Reconstructive Cerebrovascular Surgery" (available on InfoMedix Audiocassette No. 8 of the CNS Meeting).

1982 Invited Speaker, Pan-Pacific Surgical Association Sixteenth Annual Congress, Sheraton Waikiki Hotel, Hawaii, Jan 9-15, 1982. Combined Orthopedic-Neurosurgical Lumbar Spine Panel. Jan 13, 1982; Panel Moderator and Speaker; presentations: "Failed Spinal Surgery and Spinal Stenosis" and "Emerging Standards in Spinal Care."

1982 Moderator and Invited Speaker, Seminar on Comprehensive Conservative Approach to Low Back Care, Holy Cross Hospital, Salt Lake City, Feb 27-28, 1982; presentations: "The McKenzie Program for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Lumbar Spine Disorders" and "Posterior Lumbar Interbody and Knodt Rod Fusion."

1982 Invited Speaker, California Chapter of the American Physical Therapy Association, Golden Gate District, Golden Gateway Holiday Inn, San Francisco, CA, May 18, 1982: presentation: "Radiology of the Spine: High-Resolution Spinal CT Scanning and its Applications to Clinical Practice."

1982 Invited Speaker, Seminar on Comprehensive Conservative Approach to Low Back Care, Case Western Reserve University at the Marriott Airport Inn, Cleveland, June 11, 1982; presentation: "The Sister Kenny Institute Gravity Lumbar Reduction Therapy Program."

1982 Speaker, "High Resolution CT Scanning of the Lumbosacral Spine," Western Neurosurgical Society Annual Meeting, Jackson Lodge, Jackson Hole, Wyoming, Sept 12-15,1982.

1982 Speaker, "Gravity Traction Therapy for Treatment of Lumbosacral Spinal Disorders" and "Lumbar Laminectomy," The Challenge of the Lumbar Spine, St. Mary's Hospital and Medical Center, St. Francis Hotel, San Francisco, CA, Arthur H. White, MD, Chairman, Dec 8-10, 1982.

1983 Participant, AAOS-AANS Intradiscal Therapy: Jan Chicago Series (Chymopapain Instructional Course). Program Number 132-01-1-83-83. Marriott O'Hare Hotel, Chicago, Jan 17, 1983,

1983 Participant, Camp International Low Back Symposium, Keystone Lodge, Keystone, CO. Mr. Richard Firestone, Chairman. Feb 10- 13, 1983.

1983 Participant, USC Neurosurgical Postgraduate Course, "Laser Neurosurgery Workshop," USC, Los Angeles, CA. Michael L.J. Apuzzo, MD, Chairman. Oct 13,1983.

1983 Participant, Camp Low Back Symposium, Grand Traverse Convention Center, Traverse City, MI. Mr. Richard Firestone, Chairman, Oct 14-16, 1983.

1983 Participant, Class and Laboratory, "Basic Holographic Techniques," San Francisco School of Holography, Sharon McCormack, Instructor. San Francisco, CA Oct 27 and 29,1983.

1983 Invited Speaker, Industrial Claims Association Annual Meeting, "Problems of the Professional." Presentation: "Diagnostic Tools -Enlightenment or Enrichment?" Oakland Airport Hilton, Oakland, CA Nov 3-5, 1983.

1983 Invited Speaker, American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons Continuing Education Course "Surgical Management of Lumbar Spine Pain." Two presentations: "Techniques and Variations of Laminectomy and Extensive Lumbar Decompression" and "Pitfalls and Complications of Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion." Saint Francis Hotel, San Francisco. Arthur H. White, MD, Course Chairman, Nov 10- 12, 1983.

1984 Participant, American Heart Association Course in Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS), St. Francis Memorial Hospital, San Francisco. Feb 10- 12, 1984.

1984 Invited Speaker, National Back Foundation Conference: "The Lumbar Spine Syndrome: A Multidimensional Approach to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Low Back Pain." Two Presentations: "Gravity Traction in the Treatment of Lumbar Spinal Disorders" and "Indications and Technique for Decompressive Lumbar Laminectomy Laminectomy and Spinal Stabilization." Red Lion Inn, San Jose, CA Sigmund Miller, DC, Chairman. April 7-8,1984.

1984 Invited Speaker, California Chapter of the American Physical Therapy Association, Golden Gate District, Fort Mason, San Francisco, CA, Presentation: "The Current Status of Chymopapain Intradiscal Therapy." April 24, 1984.

1984 Invited Speaker, Annual Meeting of the National Association of Railroad Trial Counsel. Presentation: "A Neurosurgeon's View of the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis of Low Back Injuries." Silvarado Country Club, Napa, CA. July 19-21, 1984.

1984 Speaker, Charter Meeting of the North American Lumbar Spine Association. Three Presentations: "Conservative Low Back Care," "Lumbar Laminectomy," "Spinal Fusion: The Orthopedic-Neurosurgical Interface." The Westin Hotel, Vail, CO. July 25-29, 1984.

1984 Invited Speaker, Industrial Claims Association Lumbar Spine Workshop. Presentation: "Current Status of the Treatment of Low Back Pain: Conservative and Surgical." St. Francis Memorial Hospital, San Francisco. Joel Renbaum, MD, Course Chairman. Oct 1,1984.

1984 Moderator, Surgical forum Panel, Neurosurgery, Annual Clinical Congress of the American College of Surgeons. San Francisco Hilton Hotel, Oct 24, 1984.

1984 Speaker, St. Francis Memorial Hospital Staff Conference. Presentation: "Clinical Experience with Chymopapain Intradiscal Therapy at St. Francis Memorial Hospital." Dee 11, 1984.

1985 Invited Speaker, Seminar "The Conservative Management of Low Back Pain." Two Presentations: "Microsurgery and Laminectomy" and "The Neurosurgical Management Protocol." Sponsored by Camp International, Inc. Fairmont Hotel, San Francisco, CA. March 15-16, 1985.

1985 Participant, LaserScope Training Course, French Hospital, Classroom and Laboratory Experience, 6 hours, March 14 and March 19, 1985.

1985 Invited Speaker, San Francisco Industrial Claims Association Neurological Workshop. Presentation "Neurosurgery: Alternatives and Prognosis." ICA Conference Center, 230 California Street, Suite 302, San Francisco, CA. March 28, 1985.

1985 Invited Speaker, California Chapter of the American Physical Therapy Association, Golden Gate District, Fort Mason, San Francisco, CA Presentation: "Physical Therapy for Back Surgery Patients." April 9, 1985.

1985 Invited Lecturer, Kaiser Permanente Orthopedic Physical Therapy Residency Program: "Diagnosis and Treatment of Lumbosacral Spinal Disorders." San Francisco Kaiser Facility, Sept 4, 1985.

1985 Speaker, "Can Traction Do Better Than Bedrest?," The Challenge of the Lumbar Spine, Amfac Hotel, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Charles V. Burton, MD, Chairman, Sept 18-21, 1985.

1985 Participant, The Society of Orthopaedic Medicine Cyriax Part B Orthopaedic Medicine Course: Lumbar Spine, Sacroiliac Joints, Hips, Knees, Ankles, and Feet. Thomas A Dorman, MD, Chairman. The Inn at Morro Bay, Morro Bay, CA Nov 1-4, 1985.

1986 Invited Lecturer, University of California San Francisco Continuing Education Pam Management Symposium: "The Conservative Management of Low Back Pain." Howard Fields, MD, Chairman. Intercontinental Hotel, Wailea, Maui, HI. March 9-14, 1986.

1986 Participant, American Heart Association Course in Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS), St. Francis Memorial Hospital, San Francisco. Aug 23-24, 1986.

1986 Speaker, "Conservative Low Back Care - the Neurosurgeon's viewpoint." The Challenge of the Lumbar Spine, Hyatt Regency Hotel, San Francisco. Arthur White, MD, Chairman, Nov 6-9,1986.

1986 Participant, Clinical Biofeedback Seminar, 65 hours of study in protocol techniques, Practical applications, and clinical procedures of biofeedback, Biofeedback Center of Berkeley, Dec 5- 11, 1986.

1987 Invited Speaker, "The Conservative Management of Low Back Pain." Annual Meeting, Southern California Neurosurgical Society, Los Angeles Medical Society, Los Angeles, CA, March 11, 1987. ,

1987 Invited Speaker, "Diagnosis and Treatment of Ligamentous Injuries of the Lumbosacral Spine." Workshop Director, "Manipulation and Injection Techniques for Ligamentous Injuries of the Lumbosacral Spine." American Back Society, Spring Symposium on Back Pain, Robin A McKenzie, Course Chairman. Sponsored by St. Rose Hospital, Hayward, CA Anaheim Hilton Hotel, Anaheim, CA, April 29-30, May 1-2, 1987.

1987 Participant, Course in Principles of Manual Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan. Sponsored by the Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine and the North American Academy of Manipulative Medicine. June 8-12, 1987.

1987 Speaker, 'Me Diagnosis and Treatment of Ligamentous Injuries in Patients with Low Back, Cervical, and Thoracic Pain." Second Annual Meeting of the North American Spine Society. Banff Springs Hotel, Banff, AB, Canada. June 25-28, 1987.

1987 Participant, Functional Orthopedics I. Postgraduate Course in Neurological and Orthopedic Manual Therapy, Held at the UCSF Physical Therapy Curriculum Classroom, UCSF, San Francisco, CA Sponsored by the Institute of Physical Art, 78 Cypress, Fairfax, CA 94930. Course directors: Gregory S. Johnson, RPT, and Vicky L. Saliba, RPT. July 16-19,1987.

1987 Invited speaker, Sansurn Clinic Symposium on Low Back Pain. Presentations "Overview of Conservative Low Back Care," "Epidural Injections," and "Me Role of Spinal Surgery in the Treatment of Low Back Pain." Sponsored by the Sansum Clinic. Co-Chairmen Bjorn C.J. Eek, MD and Robert Klein, MD. Cottage Hospital, Santa Barbara, California. Aug 1-2, 1987.

1987 Participant, Course in Muscle Energy Techniques, Level 1, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan. Sponsored by the Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine and the North American Academy of Manipulative Medicine. Sept 12-16,1987.

1987 Participant, Advanced Manual Medicine Tutorial, Low Back and Lower Extremities, Philip E. Greenman, DO, FAAO. Sponsored by ABA Physical Therapy Associates and the Neurological Medical Group, 136 N. San Mateo Drive, San Mateo California, 94401. Oct 9-12, 1987.

1987 Participant, Basic Course in the Manipulation of the Extremities, John McM. Mennell, MD and Allen V. Jacobs, DO. Sponsored by the North American Academy of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Tropicana Hotel, Las Vegas, Oct 28-31, 1987.

1987 Participant, Myofascial Pain Dysfunction: Diagnosis & Management - Back, Chest & Arms. A Hands-on Lecture/Clinical Workshop. Janet Travell, MD and David Simons, MD. Palm Springs Seminars, 2323 Oak Crest Drive South, Palm Springs, California 92264. Nov 21-22, 1987.

1987 Participant, Spinal Instrumentation and Percutaneous Lumbar Disc Removal Hands-on Workshop, American Back Society and Medical Staff of Saint Rose Hospital. Fairmont Hotel, San Francisco, California, December 5, 1987.

1988 Participant, Tutorial in Craniosacral Techniques, Level 1, Hilton Hotel East, Tucson, Arizona. Sponsored by the Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine and the North American Academy of Manipulative Medicine. Jan 30 - Feb 3, 1988.

1988 Participant, American Heart Association Course in Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS), St. Francis Memorial Hospital, San Francisco. Feb 6-7, 1988.

1988 Participant, Tutorial on Direct Action Thrust Manipulative Technique, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan. Sponsored by the Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine and the North American Academy of Manipulative Medicine. April 6-10,1988.

1988 Invited Speaker, "Therapeutic Models of Low Back Care," Breakfast Seminar "Management of the Failed Back," Harold A Wilkinson, MD, Chairman. American Association of Neurological Surgeons Annual Meeting, Toronto, Ontario. April 25, 1988.

1988 Participant, Manual Medicine Tutorial, Myofascial Release, Level I, Robert Ward, DO, Professor of Biomechanics, Michigan State University. Sponsored by ABA Physical Therapy Associates and the Neurological Medical Group, 136 N. San Mateo Drive, San Mateo California, 9440 1. May 13-15, 1988.

1988 Participant, Advanced Manual Medicine Tutorial, Above the Diaphragm, Edward Stiles, DO, continuing education faculty Michigan State University. Sponsored by ABA Physical Therapy Associates and the Neurological Medical Group, 136 N. San Mateo Drive, San Mateo California, 9440 1. July 14-17, 1988.

1988 Speaker, "Therapeutic Models of Low Back Care." Western Neurosurgical Society, 34th Annual Meeting, Ritz-Carlton Hotel, Laguna Niguel, CA Sept 11- 14, 1988.

1988 Workshop Director, "Ligamentous Injections for Low Back Pain - Indications, Methods, and Techniques." Four workshops. American Back Society, Fall Symposium on Back Pain, Arthur H. White, MD, Course Chairman. Sponsored by St. Rose Hospital, Hayward, CA Hyatt Regency Hotel, San Francisco, CA, Dec 2-3, 1988.

1988 Invited Lecturer, "Percutaneous Discectomy, Chemonucleolysis, Microdiscectomy: Where are We Now?" Lumbar Spine State of the Art '88. Sponsored by the San Francisco Spine Institute and Seton Medical Center, Daly City, CA Hyatt Regency Hotel, San Francisco, CA Dec 9- 10, 1988.

1989 Invited Speaker, "Therapeutic Models of Low Back Care," Breakfast Seminar "Management of the Failed Back,,, Donlin M. Long, MD, Chairman. American Association of Neurological Surgeons Annual Meeting, Washington, DC. April 6, 1989.

1989 Invited Speaker, "Ligamentous Injections for the Treatment of Chronic Low Back Pain", Workshop "Failed Back Surgery Syndrome," Richard B. North, MD, Chairman. American Pain Society Eighth Annual Scientific Meeting, The Pointe at South Mountain, Phoenix, Arizona. Oct 26-29, 1989.

1989 Invited Speaker, "Percutaneous Discectomy, Microsurgical Discectomy," Workshop "Surgery: Laminectomy, Discectomy, Suction Nucleotomy," Augustus A White, MD, Chairman. The Challenge of the Lumbar Spine '89, Hyatt Regency Embarcadero, San Francisco, California. Nov 2-5, 1989.

1990 Invited Instructor, "Spinal Care Seminar: New Approaches to Low Back Pain." Robert G. Klein, MD, Course Chairman. Sansum Clinic and Cottage Hospital, Santa Barbara, California. February 23-25, 1990.

1990 Invited Speaker, "Cervical Spine Surgery: Anterior Approaches: Indications and Techniques" and "Pitfalls and Complications of Cervical Spine Surgery." Cervical Spine and Upper Extremity in Sports and Industry. Co-Chairmen Jeffrey A Saal, MD and Arthur H. White, MD. Sponsored by the San Francisco Spine Institute at Seton Medical Center, Daly City, CA Hyatt Regency Hotel, San Francisco, CA April 1-3, 1990.

1990 Invited Instructor, "Workshop in Advanced Prolotherapy Technique." Thomas A Dorman, MB, ChB, Course Director. Seventh Annual Meeting and Seminar of the American Association of Orthopaedic Medicine. Howard Johnson Hotel, Cambridge, MA April 3-7, 1990.

1990 Invited Speaker, "Proliferant Ligamentous Injections in Low Back Pain." Course - Managing the Low Back Pain Patient. Sponsored by the California Society of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and the San Francisco Spine Institute. Doubletree Inn at Fisherman's Wharf, Monterey, CA May 18, 1990.

1990 Co-Chairman - Problems of the Thoracic Spine. Neurological Surgery Section, Northern California Chapter, American College of Surgeons, Annual Meeting. Parc Fifty Five Hotel, San Francisco May 19, 1990

1990 Participant, Workshop "Medical-Legal Report Writing: How to Write a Winning Workers' Compensation Report." Gregory L. Smith, MD, Course Director. Sponsored by the Workers' Comp Advisor. Fairmont Hotel, San Francisco. October 26-27, 1990.

1990 Hands-on Workshop on Arthroscopic Microdiscectomy of the Lumbar Spine: Minimal Intervention in Spinal Surgery. Course Director: Parviz Kambin, MD. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Graduate Hospital, Philadelphia. November 16-17, 1990.

1990 Instructor, Prolotherapy Workshop. Course Director: Thomas AL Dorman, MD. American Back Society Fall Symposium on Back Pain. San Francisco Marriott, San Francisco. December 8, 1990.

1991 Invited Speaker: Two presentations. "New Horizons: Percutaneous Epidural Stimulation" and "Approach to Failed Cervical Surgery." Cervical and Lumbar Spine: State of the Art '91. Hyatt Regency Embarcadero, San Francisco. Jeffrey A. Saal, MD and Arthur H. White, MD Program Chairmen. San Francisco Spine Institute and Seton Medical Center, Daly City. March 23-24, 1991. Cat I 13 1/2 hours.

1991 Chairman, ACS, Northern California Chapter, Neurological Surgery Section, Annual Meeting. "Alternative Techniques of Anterior Cervical Spinal Surgery." Pare Fifty Five Hotel, San Francisco. May 11, 1991.

1991 Presentation of Paper: "Anterior Cervical Fusion Using Bank Bone Dowels or Fibular Strut Grafts." Western Neurosurgical Society 37th Annual Meeting. The Pointe on South Mountain, Phoenix, Arizona. Sept 25, 1991.

1991 Invited Speaker: Presentations "Minimally Invasive Surgery for Herniated Lumbar Discs" and "Anterior Cervical Surgery for Herniated Cervical Discs and Spondylosis." Symposium - MRI of the Spine: Clinical Aspects. Sponsored by San Francisco Magnetic Resonance Center. November 2, 1992.

1991 Midas Rex Hands-on Workshop. Mountain Shadows Marriott Hotel, Phoenix, Arizona. Midas Rex Institute. Nov 11- 13, 1991.

1992 ACLS Certification Class. Course Medical Director: Pat Salber, MD. Course Coordinator: Eric Nylander, EMT-P. Saint Francis Memorial Hospital, April 25-26, 1992.

1992 Chairman, ACS, Northern California Chapter, Neurological Surgery Section, Annual Meeting. "Intraoperative Spinal Cord Monitoring with Somatosensory Evoked Potentials and Motor Evoked Potentials." Pare Fifty Five Hotel, San Francisco. May 16, 1992.

1992 Participant, Advanced Manual Medicine Tutorial, Philip E. Greenman, DO, Professor of Biomechanics, Michigan State University. Peninsula Hospital, Burlingame, California. October 26-29, 1992.

1993 Participant, Vladimir Janda, MD, American Association of Orthopaedic Medicine PostSymposium Workshop. Muscle and Back Pain: Assessment and Treatment of Impaired Movement Patterns and Motor Recruitment. AlIadin Hotel, Las Vegas. February 21-23, 1993.

1993 Invited Speaker: Presentation "Surgery for Cervical Spinal Stenosis." The Painful Spine: What To Do and How To Do It. Grand Hyatt on Union Square, San Francisco. Jerome Schofferman, MD and Arthur H. White, MD Program Chairmen. Sponsored by the San Francisco Spine Institute and Seton Medical Center, Daly City. May 2, 1993.

1993 Invited Speaker: "Minimally Invasive Surgery for Herniated Lumbar Discs and Spinal Stenosis," "Proliferant Injection Therapy." Life Chiropractic College Symposium on Imaging Techniques in Chiropractic Practice. San Francisco Ramada Inn. November 7, 1993.

1993 Faculty Member: Workshops on Orthopaedic Medicine and Proliferant Injection Therapy. American Back Society Fall Symposium on Cost Effective Back Care. Workshop Director: Thomas Dorman, MB, CHB, FRCP(C). San Francisco Hilton HoteL Two Workshops on December 1, 1993; One on December 4, 1993.

1997 Invited Speaker: "Care and Treatment of Spinal Disorders." Continuing Education Seminar, Medical Staff, Gritman Medical Center, Moscow, Idaho. September 9, 1997. 1 hour.

1997 Invited Speaker: "Cervical Spine Surgery in the New Millennium." American Back Society Fall Symposium. Diagnosis & Treatment of Neck & Back Pain: Integrated Approach, Sponsored by Stanford University School of Medicine. ANA Hotel, San Francisco, December 12, 1997.

1998 Invited Speaker: "Spinal Surgery: The State of the Art." Continuing Education Seminar, Medical Staff, Saint Mary's Hospital and Clinics, Cottonwood, Idaho. January 7, 1998. 1 hour.

MEETINGS ATTENDED AND CME CREDITS

AANS = American Association of Neurological Surgeons
AAOS = American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons
ACS = American College of Surgeons
ANS = California Association of Neurological Surgeons
ASTM = American Society for Testing and Materials
CMA = California Medical Association
CNS = Congress of Neurological Surgeons
NASS = North American Spine Society
SFNS = San Francisco Neurological Society
UCSF = University of California San Francisco
WNS = Western Neurosurgical Society

CNS, Miami, Oct 197L

ACS, Atlantic City, Oct 1971.

AANS, Boston, April 1972.

SFNS, Yosemite, April 1972.

Microneurosurgery Symposium, Cincinnati, June 1972.

Edgar A Kahn Neurosurg Alumni Society, Ann Arbor, Oct 1972.

CNS, Denver, Oct 1972.

CNS Post-Convention Meeting, Colorado Springs, Oct 1972.

ACS, San Francisco, Oct 1972.

AANS, Los Angeles, April 1973.

CNS, Honolulu, Oct 1973.

CANS, Los Angeles, Dec 1973.

Cerebral Revascularization Symposium, Chicago, June 1974.

CNS, Vancouver, BC, Sept 1974.

CNS Post-Convention Meeting, Victoria, BC, Sept 1974.

SFNS, San Francisco, Oct 1974.

SFNS, San Francisco, Jan 1975.

SFNS, San Francisco, March 1975.

AANS, Miami Beach, April 1975.

Microneurosurgery Symposium, Cincinnati, May 1975.

WNS, Mauna Kea Beach Hotel, Hawaii, Sept 1975.

Annual Barrow Neurol Inst Symp "Stroke," Phoenix, Feb 1976.

Joint Meeting on Stroke and Cerebral Circulation, American Heart Association, Dallas, Feb 1976.

AANS, San Francisco, April 1976.

World Microsurgery Congress 1, San Francisco, May 1976.

Univ of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Course: "Microneurosurgery of the Cranial Nerves," Pittsburgh, Sept 1976.

WNS, Reno, Sept 1976.

CNS, New Orleans, Oct 1976.

Eisenhower Med Cent Seminar: "Stroke," Palm Springs, Nov 1976.

CANS, San Francisco, Dec 1976.

UCSF 7th Ann Neurosurg Postgrad Course, San Francisco, May 19-21, 1977. Cat I 18 hrs.

CNS, San Francisco, Oct 9-14, 1977. Cat I 40 hrs.

ACS, Dallas, Oct 17, 1979. Cat I 8 hrs.

ASTM, Atlanta, Nov 17-18,1977.

Southern Calif Neurosurg Soc Seminar on Intracranial Aneurysms, Los Angeles, Dec 2, 1977. Cat I 6 hrs.

CANS, Los Angeles, Dec 3,1977.

Fed of West Soc of Neurol Sci, 15th Ann Meeting, San Francisco, Feb 23-26, 1978. Cat I 19 hrs.

CMA 107th Ann Session, Neurosurg Sect, San Francisco, Mar 18, 1978. Cat I 6 hrs.

Pan-Pacific Surg Assoc 14th Congress, Waikiki, April 1-7, 1978. Cat I 25 hrs.

AANS, New Orleans, April 24-27, 1978. Cat I 40 hrs.

UCSF 8th Ann Neurosurg Postgrad Course, San Francisco, May 20-22, 1978. Cat I 4 hours.

UC Berkeley Symposium: Recent Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pituitary Tumors, San Francisco, June 1-4, 1978. Cat I 30 hrs.

SFNS, San Francisco, Oct 1977; Jan 11, 1978; May 10, 1978. Cat I 3 hrs.

CNS, Washington, DC, Sept 24-29, 1978. Cat I 40 hrs.

Workers' Compensation Seminar for Physicians. William Clark, MD, Coordinator, San Francisco, Jan 13,1979.

SFNS, Yosemite, CA, April 28-29, 1979. Cat I 6 hrs.

ASTM, F4.5 Subcommittee, San Francisco, May 23, 1979.

CNS, Las Vegas, Oct 7-12, 1979. Cat I 40 hrs.

Pan-Pacific Surg Assoc 15th Congress, Waikiki, Jan 14-18, 1980. Cat I 25 hours.

UCSF Cont Educ Symposium, "The Healing Brain," San Francisco, Jan 26-27, 1980. Cat I 11 hrs.

San Francisco Academy of Hypnosis, 17th Ann Workshop, San Francisco, March 1-2 and March 15-16, 1980. Cat I 28 hrs. I

UCSF 10th Annual Neurosurgical Postgraduate Course, San Francisco, June 5-6, 1980. Cat I 17 hrs.

UCSF Cont Educ Symposium, "The Healing Brain II," San Francisco, Oct 11- 12, 1980. Cat I 11 hrs.

AAOS Postgrad Course, "The Spine - Surgery and Rehabilitation," Orlando, FL, Dee 1-5, 1980. Cat I 28 hrs.

St. Francis Mem Hosp Seminar, Comprehensive Conservative Approach to Low Back Care, San Francisco, Feb 7-8, 1981.

Workshop on Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion, Nazareth Hospital and Temple University, Philadelphia, April 4-5, 1981. Cat I 12 hrs.

AANS, Boston, April 5-9, 1981. Cat I 40 hrs.

McKenzie Courses on Mechanical Therapy of the Lumbar Spine, Kaiser Permanente Med Center, Oakland, May 16-17, 1981, and Peninsula Hospital, Burlingame, CA, June 6-9, 1981. Cat I 14 hours.

CNS, Seminar on Reconstructive Cerebrovascular Surgery, and workshop on the Lumbar Spine, Los Angeles, Oct 19, 1981.

Radiological Society of North America 67th Ann Meeting, Chicago, Nov 19-20, 1981.

Calif State Univ Hayward Cont Educ Course "Improving Medical Office Management," Nancy Honig and Associates, Hayward, Dec 5, 1981.

Pan-Pacific Surg Assoc 16th Ann Congress, Waikiki, Jan 9-15, 1982. Cat I 25 hrs.

Holy Cross Hospital Seminar on Comprehensive Conservative Approach to Low Back Care, Salt Lake City, Feb 27-28, 1982.

AAOS Continuing Education Course: Spinal Deformities - Current Management, David S. Bradford, MD, Chairman. Phoenix, AZ, March 11- 14, 1982. Cat I 19 hrs.

UCSF 12th Ann Postgrad Course, San Francisco, June 3-4, 1982. Cat I 16 hours.

UC Berkeley - Journal of Time, Space, Knowledge Conference, "New Visions of Reality," Berkeley, May 7-8,1982.

International Soc for the Study of the Lumbar Spine Ann Meeting, Toronto, Ont, June 6-9, 1982.

Case-Western Reserve University Seminar on Comprehensive Conservative Approach to Low Back Care, Cleveland, June 11, 1982.

National Assoc of Athletic Trainers Ann Meeting, Seattle, Washington, June 12-13, 1982.

WNS 28th Annual Meeting, Jackson Lodge, Jackson Hole, WY, Sept 12-15, 1982. Cat I 11 hrs.

Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care, Sheraton Washington Hotel, George Washington University Medical Center Office of Continuing Education, Washington, DC, Oct 30-Nov 4, 1982. Registration Number 365. Cat I 28 hrs.

The Challenge of the Lumbar Spine, St. Mary's Hospital and Medical Center, St. Francis Hotel, San Francisco, CA, Arthur H. White, MD, Chairman, Dec 8-10, 1982. Cat I 22 hrs.

AAOS-AANS Intradiscal Therapy: Jan Chicago Series (Chymopapain Instructional Course). Program Number 132-01-1-83-83. Marriott O'Hare Hotel, Chicago, Jan 17, 1983. Cat I 8 hrs.

Camp International Low Back Symposium, Keystone Lodge, Keystone, CO. Mr. Richard Firestone, Chairman. Feb 10- 13, 1983.

CANS Annual Meeting, Pebble Beach Lodge, Pebble Beach, CA, Feb 26-27, 1983.

Psychoimmunology: A New Field, The Institute for the Study of Human Knowledge, Sheraton-Palace Hotel, San Francisco, CA, March 11, 1983. Cat I 7.5 hrs.

AANS Annual Meeting, Sheraton-Washington Hotel, Washington, DC, April 24-28, 1983. Cat I 40 hrs.

Symposium on Intradiscal Therapy - Collagenase and Chymopapain, Sheraton-Washington Hotel, University of Medicine and Dentistry, Rutgers University, New Jersey, April 28, 1983. Cat I 3 hrs.

ACS Northern California Chapter Annual Meeting, Hilton Hotel, San Francisco, May 21, 1983. Cat I 4 hrs.

Nursing Practice Symposium. Holiday Inn, Montego Bay, Jamaica. June 20-24, 1983. Applebury and Borgen, Associates, Course Coordinators. Cat I 8 hrs.

USC Neurosurgical Postgraduate Course, "Laser Neurosurgery Workshop," USC, Los Angeles, CA Michael L. J. Apuzzo, MD, Chairman. Oct 13, 1983.

Camp International Low Back Symposium, Grand Traverse Convention Center, Traverse City, MI. Mr. Richard Firestone, Chairman, Oct 14-16, 1983.

Industrial Claims Association Annual Meeting, "Problems of the Professional." Oakland Airport Hilton, Oakland, CA Nov 3-5,1983.

American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons Continuing Education Course "Surgical Management of Lumbar Spine Pain." Saint Francis Hotel, San Francisco. Arthur H. White, MD, Course Chairman, Nov 10-12, 1983. Cat I 17 hrs.

UCSF Continuing Education Course, "Sports Medicine Conference," Park City, Utah. James Garrick, MD, Course Chairman. Feb 4-10,1984.

American Heart Association Course in Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS), St. Francis Memorial Hospital, San Francisco. Feb 10-12, 1984. Cat I 16 hrs.

National Back Foundation Conference: "The Lumbar Spine Syndrome: A Multidimensional Approach to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Low Back Pain." Red Lion Inn, San Jose, CA Sigmund Miller, DC, Chairman. April 7-8, 1984.

International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine 11th Annual Meeting. Four Seasons Hotel, Montreal, Canada. June 3-7, 1984.

Charter Meeting of the North American Lumbar Spine Association. The Westin Hotel, Vail, CO. July 25-29,1984.

International Association for the Study of Pain, IVth World Congress on Pain. The Westin Hotel, Seattle, WA Aug 31-Sept 5, 1984.

ACS 70th Annual Clinical Congress. San Francisco Hilton Hotel, Oct 24, 1984. Cat I 9 hrs.

AlphaMicro Users' Society 5th Annual Convention. Irvine Marriott Hotel, CA March 5-6, 1985.

Seminar "The Conservative Management of Low Back Pain." Sponsored by Camp International, Inc. Fairmont Hotel, San Francisco, CA March 15-16, 1985. Cat I 13.5 hrs.

ACS Northern California Chapter Meeting. Hilton Hotel, San Francisco, CA. May 11, 1985. Cat I 4 hrs.

The Challenge of the Lumbar Spine, Amfac Hotel, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Charles V. Burton, MD, Chairman. Sept 18-21, 1985. Cat I 27.25 hrs.

Second Annual Meeting of the North American Lumbar Spine Association. The Ritz Carlton Hotel, Laguna Niguel, CA. July 24-27, 1985. Centinela. Hospital Medical Center, Inglewood, CA. Cat I 12 hrs.

Thirty-first Annual Meeting of the Western Neurosurgical Society. Silverado Country Club and Resort, Napa, CA Sept 22-25, 1985. Cat I I I hrs.

The Society of Orthopaedic Medicine Cyriax part B Orthopaedic Medicine Course. Thomas A Dorman, MD, Chairman. The Inn at Morro Bay, Morro Bay, CA Nov 1-4, 1985. Cat I 24 hrs.

University of California San Francisco Continuing Education Pain Management Symposium. Howard Fields, MD, Chairman. Intercontinental Hotel, Wailea, Maui, HI. March 9-14, 1986. Cat I 23 hrs.

First Annual Meeting of the North American Spine Society. Bolton's Landing, New York. July 20-23,1986. Cat I 13 hrs.

American Heart Association Course in, Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS), St. Francis Memorial Hospital, San Francisco. Aug 23-24, 1986. Cat I 16 hrs.

CNS. New Orleans, Sept 14-19, 1986. Cat I 40 hrs.

The Challenge of the Lumbar Spine, St. Mary's Hospital and Medical Center, Hyatt Regency Hotel, San Francisco, CA, Arthur H. White, MD, Chairman, Nov 6-9, 1986. Cat I 20.5 hrs.

American Back Society, Fall Symposium on Back Pain, Rene Cailliet, MD, Course Chairman. Sponsored by St. Rose Hospital, Hayward, CA. Fairmont Hotel, San Francisco, Dec 4-6, 1986. Cat I 16.5 hrs.

Participant, Clinical Biofeedback Seminar, 65 hours of study in protocol techniques, practical applications, and clinical procedures of biofeedback, Biofeedback Center of Berkeley, Dec 5-11, 1986. No CME credit.

ACLS Update. Resource Seminars. Ramada Renaissance Hotel, San Francisco. Mar 17, 1987.

American Back Society, Spring Symposium on Back Pain, Robin A McKenzie, Course Chairman. Sponsored by St. Rose Hospital, Hayward, CA Anaheim Hilton Hotel, Anaheim, CA, April 29-30, May I2, 1987. Cat I 18 hrs.

Course in Principles of Manual Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan. Sponsored by the Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine and the North American Academy of Manipulative Medicine. June 8-12, 1987. Cat I 44 hrs.

Second Annual Meeting of the North American Spine Society. Banff Springs Hotel, Banff, AB, Canada. June 25-28,1987. Cat I 12 hrs.

Functional Orthopedics 1. Postgraduate Course in Neurological and Orthopedic Manual Therapy. Held at the UCSF Physical Therapy Curriculum Classroom, UCSF, San Francisco, CA Sponsored by the Institute of Physical Art, 78 Cypress, Fairfax, CA 94930. Course directors: Gregory S. Johnson, RPT, and Vicky L. Saliba, RPT. July 16-19, 1987. Cat I 30 hrs.

Sansum Clinic Symposium on Low Back Pain. Sponsored by the Sansum Clinic. Co-Chairmen Bjorn C.J. Eek, MD and Robert Klein, AM. Cottage Hospital, Santa Barbara, California. Aug 1-2, 1987. Cat I 12 hrs.

Course in Muscle Energy Techniques, Level 1, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan. Sponsored by the Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine and the North American Academy of Manipulative Medicine. Sept 12-16, 1987. Cat I 40 hrs.

Course, Anatomy of the Lumbar Sacral Spine, Lance Twomey, PhD. Sponsored by the Orthopedic Physical Therapy Program and Clinical Residency, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, 27400 Hesperian Blvd, Hayward, California 94545. Oct 3-4,1987. No CME credit.

Advanced Manual Medicine Tutorial, Low Back and Lower Extremities, Philip E. Greenman, DO, FAAO. Sponsored by ABA Physical Therapy Associates and the Neurological Medical Group, 160 N. San Mateo Drive, San Mateo California, 94401. Oct 9-12, 1987. No CME credit.

Basic Course in the Manipulation of the Extremities, John McM. Mennell, MD and Allen V. Jacobs, DO. Sponsored by the North American Academy of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Tropicana Hotel, Las Vegas, Oct 28-31, 1987. Cat I 14 hrs.

Annual Meeting, North American Academy of Musculoskeletal Medicine. The Role of Manipulation in Sports Medicine. Tropicana Hotel, Las Vegas, Oct 28-31, 1987. Cat I 22.45 hrs.

Course, Myofascial Pain Dysfunction: Diagnosis & Management - Back, Chest & Arms. A Hands-on Lecture/Clinical Workshop. Janet Travell, MD and David Simons, MD. Palm Springs Seminars, 2323 Oak Crest Drive South, Palm Springs, California 92264. Nov 21-22, 1987. Cat I 12 hrs.

Fall Symposium on Back Pain, American Back Society and the Medical Staff of Saint Rose Hospital, John Kostuick, MD, Course Chairman. Fairmont Hotel, San Francisco, California, December 3, 4, & 5, 1987. Cat I 16. 6 hrs.

Spinal Instrumentation and Percutaneous Lumbar Disc Removal Hands-on Workshop, American Back Society and Medical Staff of Saint Rose Hospital. Fairmont Hotel, San Francisco, California, December 5, 1987. Cat I 5.5 hrs.

Tutorial in Craniosacral Techniques, Level 1, Hilton Hotel East, Tucson, Arizona. Sponsored by the Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine and the North American Academy of Manipulative Medicine. Jan 30 - Feb 3, 1988. Cat I 40 hrs.

American Heart Association Course in Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS), St. Francis Memorial Hospital, San Francisco. Feb 6-7, 1988. Cat I 16 hrs.

Tutorial on Direct Action Thrust Manipulative Technique, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan. Sponsored by the Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine and the North American Academy of Manipulative Medicine. April 6-10, 1988. Cat I 40 hrs.

AANS Annual Meeting, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. April 24-28, 1988. Cat I 40 hrs.

Manual Medicine Tutorial, Myofascial Release, Level 1, Robert Ward, DO, Professor of Biomechanics, Michigan State University. Sponsored by ABA Physical Therapy Associates and the Neurological Medical Group, 136 N. San Mateo Drive, San Mateo California, 94401. May 13-15, 1988. Cat II 24 hrs.

Advanced Manual Medicine Tutorial, Above the Diaphragm, Edward Stiles, DO, continuing education faculty Michigan State University. Sponsored by ABA Physical Therapy Associates and the Neurological Medical Group, 136 N. San Mateo Drive, San Mateo California, 94401. July 14-17, 1988. Cat I 132 hrs.

Orthopaedic Manual Therapy Course, Level II - Spinal, Part A, Assessment and Treatment of Lumbar Spine Dysfunction. Erl Pettman, RPT, Examiner for the Canadian Certification Program for Manual Therapy. Sponsored by Casey & Reitman Physical Therapy, 695 Oak Grove Avenue, Suite 2A, Menlo Park, CA 94025. July 29-30, 1988. No CME credit.

WNS 34th Annual Meeting, Ritz-Carlton Hotel, Laguna Niguel, CA Sept 11- 14, 1988. Cat I 11 hours.

American Back Society, Fall Symposium on Back Pain, Arthur H. White, MD, Course Chairman. Sponsored by St. Rose Hospital, Hayward, CA Hyatt Regency Hotel, San Francisco, CA Dec 1-4, 1988. Cat I 18.5 hours.

Lumbar Spine State of the Art '88. Sponsored by the San Francisco Spine Institute and Seton Medical Center, Daly City, CA. Hyatt Regency Hotel, San Francisco, CA. Dec 9.10, 1988. Cat I 12 hours.

AANS Annual Meeting, Washington, DC. April 1-6, 1989. Cat I 40 hours.

American Pain Society Eighth Annual Scientific Meeting and Pain Update, The Pointe at South Mountain, Phoenix, Arizona. Oct 26-29, 1989. Cat I 27 hours.

The Challenge of the Lumbar Spine '89, Hyatt Regency Embarcadero, San Francisco, California. Nov 25, 1989. Cat I 16 hours.

California Association of Neurological Surgeons 1990 Annual Session, Four Seasons Biltmore Hotel, Santa Barbara, California. Jan 26-28, 1990. No CME credit.

Spinal Care Seminar: New Approaches to Low Back Pain. Robert G. Klein, MD, Course Chairman. Sansum Clinic and Cottage Hospital, Santa Barbara, California. February 23-25, 1990. Cat I 15 hours.

Cervical Spine and Upper Extremity in Sports and Industry. Co-Chairmen Jeffrey A- Saal, MD and Arthur H. White, MD. Sponsored by the San Francisco Spine Institute at Seton Medical Center, Daly City, CA Hyatt Regency Hotel, San Francisco, CA April 1-3, 1990. Cat I 16 hours.

Seventh Annual Meeting and Seminar of the American Association of Orthopaedic Medicine. Howard Johnson Hotel, Cambridge, MA. April 3-7, 1990. Cat I 30.76 Hours.

Course - Managing the Low Back Pain Patient. Sponsored by the California Society of Physical Medicine and Rehabiliation and the San Francisco Spine Institute. Doubletree Inn at Fisherman's Wharf, Monterey, CA May 18, 1990. No Cat I CME credit.

Problems of the Thoracic Spine. Neurological Surgery Section, Northern California Chapter, American College of Surgeons, Annual Meeting. Pare Fifty Five Hotel, San Francisco May 19, 1990. Cat I 4 hours.

Workshop "Medical-Legal Report Writing: How to Write a Winning Workers' Compensation Report."

Gregory L. Smith, MD, Course Director. Sponsored by the Workers' Comp Advisor. Fairmont Hotel, San Francisco. October 26-27, 1990. Cat II 10 hours.

Arthoscopic Microdiscectomy of the Lumbar Spine: Minimal Intervention in Spinal Surgery. Course Director: Parviz Kambin, MD. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Graduate Hospital, Philadelphia. November 16-17, 1990. Cat I 10. 5 hours.

American Back Society Fall Symposium on Back Pain. Course Chairmen: Scott Haldeman, MD, PhD, DC and William H. Kirkaldy-Willis, MD, MD, FRCS(C&E). Sponsored by St. Francis Memorial Hospital, San Francisco. San Francisco Marriott. December 6-9, 1990. Cat I 18.5 hours.

1991 Kaiser Permanente Lectureship in Spine Surgery. Visiting Professor: David Bradford, MD. Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Oakland, CA. February 11, 1991. No CE credit.

Cervical and Lumbar Spine: State of the Art '91. Hyatt Regency Embarcadero, San Francisco. Jeffrey A Saal, MD and Arthur H. White, MD Program Chairmen. San Francisco Spine Institute and Seton Medical Center, Daly City. March 23-24, 199 1. Cat I 13 1/2 hours.

AANS Annual Meeting, New Orleans. April 20-25, 1991. Program number 004-01-1-75-91. Registration number 295 9013244. Cat I 40.00 hours.

ACS, Northern California Chapter, Neurological Surgery Section, Annual Meeting. Parc Fifty Five Hotel, San Francisco. May 11, 1991. Cat I 5 hours.

Medical Doctor's Rights and Responsibilities Under the New Workers' Compensation Law. The Honorable David W. O'Brien. Sir Francis Drake Hotel, San Francisco. Sponsored by Winterbrook Publishing Company. June 11, 1991. 4 hours. No Cat I CME Credit.

Workshop: Recent Advances in Spinal Cord Stimulation for Chronic Pain. Palm-Aire Resort Spa, Pompano Beach, Florida. Sponsored by Dannemiller Memorial Education Foundation and NeuroMed, Inc. May 31 - June 1, 1991. Cat I 9 hours.

Western Neurosurgical Society 37th Annual Meeting. The Pointe on South Mountain, Phoenix, Arizona Sept 22-25, 199 1. Accredited by the Joint Committee on Education of the AANS. Cat I 11 hours.

Workshop on Spinal Stimulation: Clinical Applications in Chronic Pain and Technical Methods of the 1990's. Sponsored by the University of Tennessee College of Medicine. Embassy Suites Hotel, Denver, Colorado. Sept 27-28, 1991. Cat I 11.5 hours.

Midas Rex Hands-on Workshop. Mountain Shadows Marriott Hotel, Phoenix, Arizona. Midas Rex Institute. Nov 11- 13, 1991. Cat I 18 hours.

Barrow Neurological Institute of St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Fourth Annual Spine Workshop. Robert F. Spetzler, MD, and Volker K.H. Sonntag, MD, Course Directors. Mountain Shadows Marriott Hotel, Phoenix, Arizona. Nov 14-16, 199 1. Cat I 12 hours.

American Back Society Fall Symposium on Back Pain. Course Chairman: William H. Kirkaldy-Willis, MD, MD, FRCS(C&E). Sponsored by St. Francis Memorial Hospital, San Francisco. San Francisco Marriott. December 11- 15, 199 1. Cat I 24 hours.

California Association of Neurological Surgeons, Annual Meeting. The Ritz-Carlton Hotel, Laguna Niguel, California. January 24-26, 1992. CME credit designated by the Jt Committee on Education of the AANS and CNS. Cat I 7 hours.

AANS Annual Meeting, San Francisco. April 11- 16, 1992. Program numbers 004-01-1-75-92 AN92; 500-46-1-75-92 046; 501-08-1-75-92 108; 501-13-1-75-92 113. Cat I 34.75 hours.

ACLS Certification Class. Course Medical Director: Pat Salber, MD. Course Coordinator: Eric Nylander, EMT-P. Saint Francis Memorial Hospital, April 25-26, 1992. No Cat I CME Credit.

ACS, Northern California Chapter, Neurological Surgery Section, Annual Meeting. Parc Fifty Five Hotel, San Francisco. May 16, 1992. Cat I 5 hours.

Institute of Noetic Sciences, First International Conference, Global Mind Change: From Vision to Reality -Tools and Strategies for Sustainable Personal and Global Development. Santa Clara Marriott Hotel, Santa Clara, CA June 26-29, 1992. No Cat I CME Credit.

Advanced Manual Medicine Tutorial, Philip E. Greenman, DO, Professor of Biomechanics, Michigan State University. Peninsula Hospital, Burlingame, California. October 26-29, 1992. No Cat I CME Credit.

Observing Mr. Henry Vernon Crock, Spinal Surgeon, at Cromwell Hospital and Hammersmith Hospital, London, England. Observing and assisting in surgery. November 9-13, 1992. No Cat I CME Credit.

Participant, Vladimir Janda, MD, American Association of Orthopaedic Medicine Post-Symposium Workshop. Muscle and Back Pain: Assessment and Treatment of Impaired Movement Patterns and Motor Recruitment. Alladin Hotel, Las Vegas. February 21-23, 1993. Sponsored by the American Academy of Family Physicians. Cat I 16.5 hrs.

Workshop: Meir Schneider. Two Aspects of Self-Healing. 1993 California Massage and Bodywork Convention: "Community in Unity." Sponsored by the American Massage Therapy Association, California Chapter. San Francisco Airport Hilton Hotel. March 19, 1993. 3 hours. No Cat I CME Credit.

The Painful Spine: What To Do and How To Do It. Grand Hyatt on Union Square, San Francisco.

Jerome Schofferman, MD and Arthur H. White, MD Program Chairmen. Sponsored by the San Francisco Spine Institute and Seton Medical Center, Daly City. April 30, May I and 2, 1993. Cat I 19 hours.

Idaho Medical Association, One Hundred-First Annual Meeting, Sun Valley, Idaho. Sponsored by the East Valley Regional Medical Center. July 29-31, 1993. Cat I 5 hours.

American Back Society Fall Symposium on Cost Effective Back Care. Course Chairman: Philip E. Greenman, DO. Sponsored by St. Francis Memorial Hospital, San Francisco. San Francisco Hilton Hotel. December 1-4, 1993. Cat I 24 hours.

SPEX (Special Purpose Examination in the Clinical Sciences) - preparation for Oregon state medical license. Sponsored by US Licensing Board. Successfully passed (87%) at Medical Board of California, Riverside, California, December 9, 1993. Cat I - Other Educational Activities 60 hrs.

California Association of Neurological Surgeons, Annual Meeting. The Pan Pacific Hotel, San Francisco, California. January 14-16, 1994. CME credit designated by the Jt Committee on Education of the AANS and CNS. Cat I 7 hours.

Special Workshop on the Examination of the Spine. Sponsored by the American Back Society and the CV Mosby Publishing Company. El Conquistador Hotel, Tucson, Arizona. February 10 - 11, 1994. 16 hours - No official CME credit.

ACLS Certification Course. Course Medical Director: Ann Petlin, RN. Saint Francis Memorial Hospital, April 7, 1994. Cat I 8.0 hours.

Idaho Medical Association, One Hundred-Second Annual Meeting, Sun Valley, Idaho. Sponsored by the North Idaho District Medical Education Consortium. July 28-30, 1994. Cat I 5 hours.

AANS Annual Meeting, Orlando, Florida. April 22-27, 1995. Program numbers 004-01-1-75-95 AN95; 500-12-1-75-95 112; 500-25-1-75-95 204; 500-57-1-75-95 314; 500-73-1-75-95 409. Cat I 34.75 hours.

Idaho Medical Association, One Hundred-Third Annual Meeting, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. Sponsored by the Ada Canyon Medical Education Consortium. July 20-22, 1995. Cat I 5.25 hours.

Congress of Neurological Surgeons. 1995 Annual Meeting, Moscone Convention Center, San Francisco, California. Oct 14 - 19, 1995. Cat I 33.25 hours.

California Society of Industrial Medicine and Surgery Continuing Education Course, "Nuts and Bolts of Medical Dispute Evaluation," San Mateo, California. Nov 10, 1995. California WCAB Cont Educ Credit 6 hours.

Applied Physics for Accident Reconstruction. Bruno Schmidt, PhD. Course 1813. Law Enforcement & Security Training Division; Texas Engineering Extension Service; The Texas A&M University System. June 3 - 7, 1996. Accredited by the Texas Commission on Law Officer Standards and Education (TCLEOSE) and by the Accreditation Commission for Traffic Accident Reconstruction (ACTAR) - 40.00 hours.

American Back Society Fall Symposium. Diagnosis and Treatment of Back Pain: The Next Level. Sponsored by Saint Mary's Hospital and Medical Center and Saint Mary's Spine Center, San Francisco. Renaissance Stanford Court Hotel. December 12-14, 1996. Cat I 24 hours.

CME Seminar: Conscious Sedation & Analgesia: Practical Considerations for Office-Based Physicians. Sponsored by the Spokane County Medical Society, accredited by the WSMA Medical Education Committee. Cavanaugh's Inn at the Park. January 22, 1997. Cat I 2.5 hours.

AANS Annual Meeting, Denver, Colorado. April 12-17, 1997. Cat I 28.50 hours.

Society of Automotive Engineers TOPTECH Symposium: Sport Utility Vehicle and Pickup Safety. Hyatt Regency Dearborn Hotel, Dearborn, Michigan. December 10- 11, 1997. 16 hours.

American Back Society Fall Symposium. Diagnosis & Treatment of Neck & Back Pain: Integrated Approach. Sponsored by Stanford University School of Medicine. ANA Hotel, San Francisco, December 12-13, 1997. Cat I 24 hours.

California Association of Neurological Surgeons, 1998 Annual Meeting. The Pare Fifty Five Hotel, San Francisco, California. January 16-18, 1998. American Association of Neurological Surgeons CME accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME). Cat I 5 hours.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Guze SB, DeLong WB, Majerus PW, Robins E: Association of Clinical Psychiatric Disease with Hyperemesis Gravidarum: A Three-and-a-Half Year Follow-up Study of 48 Patients and 45 Controls. New Eng J Med 261: 1363-1368, 1959.

2. Majerus PW, Guze SB, DeLong WB, Robins E: Psychological Factors and Psychiatric Disease in Hyperemesis Gravidarum: A Follow-up of 69 Vomitors and 66 Controls. Amer J Psychiat 117: 421-428,1960.

3. DeLong WB, Robins E: The Communication of Suicidal Intent Prior to Psychiatric Hospitalization: A Study of 87 Patients. Amer J Psychiat 117: 695-705, 1961.

4. DeLong WB, Schneider RC: Surgical Management of Congenital Spinal Lesions Associated with Abnormalities of the Cranio-Spinal Junction. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 29: 319-322, 1966.

5. Maxwell JA, DeLong WB: Use of Micropaque Barium in the Radiographic Visualization of Brain Abscesses: Case Report. J Neurosurg 28: 280-282, 1968.

6. DeLong WB, Burney RE: Lateral Sinus Compression from Epidural Hematoma: Report of a Case with Late Neurological Deterioration. Military Medicine 134: 524, 1969.

7. Hudgens RW, Robins E, DeLong WB: The Reporting of Recent Stress in the Lives of Psychiatric Patients: A Study of 80 Hospitalized Patients and 103 Informants Reporting the Presence or Absence of Specified Types of Stress. Br J Psychiat 117: 635-643, 1970.

8. DeLong WB: Retraction of Tumor Capsule with Hemoclips: Technical Note. J Neurosurg 36: 515-516,1972.

9. DeLong WB: Microvascular Surgery in the Dog: Carotid-Basilar Bypass. Educational Movie, 16 mm, Sound, 11 minutes. Produced by WB DeLong and WE Cohen Films, 3047 Baker, San Francisco, 1972.

10. DeLong WB: Anatomy of the Middle Cerebral Artery: The Temporal Branches. Stroke 4:412-418,1973.

11. DeLong WB: The Inner Limits - Basic Microsuturing Techniques. Educational Movie, 16 mm, Sound, 20 minutes. Produced by WB DeLong, and WE Cohen Films, 3047 Baker, San Francisco, 1975. Available through the American College of Surgeons Film Library.

12. DeLong WB: The Diagnostic Pitfalls of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage from Intracranial Aneurysms. West J Med 123: 92-100, 1975.

13. Yasargil MG, DeLong WB, Guarnaschelli J& Radical Microsurgical Excision of Cervical Extra and Intra-medullary Vascular Malformations. Surg Neurol 4: 211-224, 1975.

14. DeLong WB: Microsurgical Revascularization for Cerebrovascular Insufficiency. Current Concepts of Cerebrovascular Disease-Stroke 11: 15-20, 1976.

15. DeLong WB, Fox JL: Automatic Cycling Bipolar Coagulator: Technical Note. Surg Neurol 8: 15, 1977.

16. W. DeLong WB: A Simple Method of Measuring Aneurysm Clip Tension: Technical Note. J Neurosurg 47: 788-789, 1977.

17. DeLong WB, Ray RL: Metallurgical Analysis of Aneurysm and Microvascular Clips. J Neurosurg 48: 614-621, 1978.

18. DeLong WB: Comment on Dujovny M, et al: Temporary Microvascular Clips. Neurosurgery 5: 456-463,1979.

19. DeLong WB: Letter to the Editor re: Cerebral Vasospasm. Neurosurgery 6: 729, 1980.

20. DeLong WB, Freisinger M: Consultants for Krames Communications, "Back Tips for People Who Sit," Injury Prevention Library, Krames Communications, 312 90th St, Daly City, CA 94015.

21. DeLong, WB: MAILST* File Handling Programs. Programmed in AlphaBasic for the AlphaMicro AMOSAL System.

22. DeLong WB: PATDAT* DataBase Manager for Orthopaedic Medicine. Programmed in dBASE III Plus.

23. DeLong WB: Operative Positioning for Low Back Surgery. In White AH, Rothman RH, Ray CD eds: Lumbar Spine Surgery: Techniques & Controversies, pp 86-94. CV Mosby Co. St. Louis, 1987.

24. DeLong WB: Microdiscectomy. in White AH, Rothman RH, Ray CD eds: Lumbar Spine Surgery: Techniques & Controversies, pp 123-132. CV Mosby Co. St. Louis, 1987.

25. Zucherman JF, Selby D, DeLong WB: Failed Posterior Interbody Lumber Fusion. In White AH, Rothman RH, Ray CD eds: Lumbar Spine Surgery: Techniques & Controversies, pp 296-305. CV Mosby Co. St. Louis, 1987.

26. DeLong WB, Freisinger M, Vokac, M: The Conservative Management of Low Back Pain. In Cauthan JC ed: Lumbar Spine Surgery: Indications, Techniques, Failures, and Alternatives. 2nd ed. Williams & Wilkins. Baltimore, 1988.

27. Klein RG, Eek BC, DeLong WB, Mooney V: A randomized double blind trial of dextroseglycerine-phenol injections for chronic low back pain. J Spinal Disorders 6: 23-33, 1993.

28. Fritz RC, Kaiser JA, White AH, DeLong WB, Gamburd RS: Magnetic resonance imaging of a thoracic intraspinal synovial cyst. Spine 19: 487-490, 1994.

29. DeLong WB, Ray CD: Positioning the Patient for Lumbar Spinal Surgery. In White AH, Schofferman JA eds: Spine Care: Volume One - Diagnosis and Conservative Treatment, Volume Two - Operative Treatment. CV Mosby Co. St. Louis, 1995. Pages 950 -963.

30. DeLong WB: Microsurgical Discectomy and Spinal Decompression. In White AH, Schofferman JA eds: Spine Care: Volume One - Diagnosis and Conservative Treatment, Volume Two - Operative Treatment. CV Mosby Co. St. Louis, 1995. Pages 1028 - 1045.